As Dietrich Bonhoeffer once said, “Silence in the
face of evil is itself evil: God will not hold us guiltless. Not to speak is to
speak. Not to act is to act.” It was in DeKalb, Illinois sometime in 1986 that
I first discovered The War that Hitler
Won by Robert E. Herzstein. I was in graduate school at Northern Illinois
University at the time and taking The
Rhetoric of Social Movements in the Communication Studies Department with
Dr. Lois Self. My final paper for the course embraced the two ideas that were
central to the book. The first was that Hitler, with indispensible help from
his Minister of Popular enlightenment, Joseph Paul Goebbels, conquered Germany and
had a huge advantage over his adversaries in the Second World War Because
Goebbels was the first person to master in practice a style of governance based
on using mass media to shape and manage public opinion with enough subtlety and
skill to justify speaking of the result as Manufactured
Consent in exactly Noam Chomsky’s sense of that phrase. The second and more
controversial idea set forth by Herzstein was that Nazi Germany was the first
modern state. This assertion was based on the claim that every modern state was
based on the process of manufacturing consent central to Nazi practice. It was
in this sense that Hitler won the war; the governments of the world are not all
fascist now, but they are all based on the manufacture of consent.
Mikhail Bakhtin wrote of centripetal and
centrifugal forces that shaped society. The new forces that emerged from about
1900 to 1950 (radio, TV, Film) were all centripetal; they strengthened the
center at the expense of the edge and tended to homogenize individuals and sub-cultures
into a mass audience. Communication was one way between a source of information
and a passive receiver of information. The Internet and its related technologies
are centrifugal. Each node is, at the same time, a transmitter, a receiver, a
re-packager and a connection between nodes. This centrifugal process creates communities
based on narrow-casting that could not exist otherwise; each of these is in
turn a venue for the performance and rehearsal of new identities that may
transfer to the flesh-world if they prove satisfying. The most fascinating of
those communities are created through a process of gerrymandering which puts
people together based on a single shared interest that would previously have
never interacted or influenced each other at all. I first started writing about
these issues back 20 years ago and the fascination still persists:
If Architecture Is Politics What are the Politics
of the Internet: A Bakhtinian View
St. Louis, Missouri, 10/21–10/24 1993, Proceedings
of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Semiotic Society of America.
Blogging is a moral obligation. The mere act of
uttering\outering\othering the truth of one’s own subjectivity is perhaps the
most subversive of all methods of speaking truth to power. The “real world” of
manufactured consent is always a reduction and an abstraction that so fails to
do justice to any one individual life as to finally be an instrument of
repressive violence against individual existence per se. The most subversive of
all methods of speaking truth to power is the simple refusal to be disappeared
from a “real world” which is not the place anyone actually lives; every
subjectivity that is powerfully uttered/outered/othered provides a contrast
that make the “real world” false by comparison.
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